Concepts.for.GATE

Porous Formation A Formation can be damaged mainly while one of following activities (ordered in timely manner). 1) During Drilling and Completions 2) During and after production and workover operations 3) During Injection  Formation Damage Mechanisms: 2) During  and after production and workover operations. (This is part 2 of this topic, for part one of this topic click here .) This kind of formation damage is divided into following types. 1) Due to increase in relative permeability of fluid other than desired fluid. 2) Due to viscosity increase 3) Due to precipitations. 3) Formation Damage Due to precipitations: Main precipitation problems on field during production: 1) Inorganic scales, 2)  Precipitation related to acidizing In stimulation jobs ( Sludge formation) , 3)  Paraffin 4)  Asphaltene We have aqueous formation water is already present inside reservoir rock pores along with oil, and during Workover or other activities, when other fluid enter into formation, which is not comp

Kutch trip After graduating from college, we all miss golden days of college. College life, Friends, faculties. and in case of a SPTian, memories are like, College lectures, Assignments, Final year project via, Exams, results, Grades, Idiom nights, college festivals and Specially, Kutch trip. All SPTians, have great time once during college life experience, when they had Geological and exploration trip to kutch. It is a lifetime experience for all students of SPT. 10 days of life with less luxuries but total interaction with nature along with a full on life experience. From Narayan sarovar to Mata no madh, from lakhpat to Mandvi, From Ganthiya to kutchi Dabeli, From sleep at 10 to last night Bonfire, hope all SPTians had enjoyed all of this with joy. From Narayan Sarovar Tent house experience We all went through handy measurements of so many of dip and strikes, Collected many best rock samples, Seen so many of fossils from lakhpat, experienced ripples and waves of mandvi, seen coals fr

Image referred from Internet What is basic difference between Workover, Well intervention and Well stimulation ? Work over is operations of repair and maintenance of well which requires Work over rig or drilling rig or hydraulic work over units. So, it is term used to describe heavy well maintenance or repairing works. X mas tree is removed and BOP is installed for workover or well service processes. It is not performed on live wells.(well needs to be killed to perform work over operations) Work over operations : 1) Water shutt off 2) Gas shutt off 3) Servicing 4) Fishing  5) Recompeltion 4) Layer transfer 5) Profile modification in injection wells 6) Well deepening 7) Side tracking 8) Long drift side track (LDST) 9) Short drift side track (SDST) 10) Well abandonment and Plugging Well interventions is term, which is used to describe operations, which doesn't involve rig. So, it is Rigless operation. So, it is term used for, light duty works of well repair and maintenance. It is pe

 GATE allows virtual key board to use during examination. You will just have to click on calculator icon, and calculator will be displayed on your screen board.  You can only take help of mouse and not key board. So practice accordingly. Try to solve problems from GATE virtual calculator only so that on exam day you don't feel it troublesome. display of virtual calculator is like as shown in image. You can find offline virtual calculator from clicking on this following link: GATE virtual calculato r  Procedure to use GATE Virtual Calculator: 1)   Simple Arithmetic Calculations: To calculate 7*(2+3) 7*(2+3) 2) For  Eg. for tan(2 degree) ( Similar for sin, cos operations also) tan(2 degree) 3) For Log or ln operations Eg. for 1*log(3) + 2 1*log(3) + 2 4) for e to the power anything Eg.  e 2 e 2 5) For n factorial (n!) Eg.  (5!)*3-4 (5!)*3-4 6) For valuate nth power of any number: Eg.  8 4    (same for, nth root also) 8 4 7) for log with base Eg. for log 2 (base 10) for log 2 (base 10

Porosity and permeability are two basic petrological properties of rock. Porosity is basically, void space within rock mateiral.(pores, channels, vugs or fractures or anything which is not rock grains) So, we can imagine porosity as, 'storage capisity of rock.' If you have closed container filled with sand and you spray it with water. Then it will absorb some amount of water into it. Thats the porosity.  Mathematically porosity is volume fraction of void space with respect to bulk volume. Porosity is described as percentages. Many people has mis conception that porosity depends upon grain size. Which is wrong. Porosity is independent of grain size. Porosity depends on grain sorting and not on grain size. For types of  porosity : Click here . And Absolute Permeability is ability of rock (not fluid) to pass fluid through it. Remember, it is ability of rock and not fluid.  Permeability of rock shows us, how easily rock can pass fluid through it. If Permeability of rock is more, th